Immune complexes are structures formed when antibodies bind to antigens, such as pathogens or self-proteins. This binding triggers immune responses, leading to their clearance. However, excessive immune complex formation can occur in autoimmune diseases or infections, causing inflammation and tissue damage. Immune complexes can deposit in various tissues, contributing to diseases like lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, where they activate complement and recruit inflammatory cells, exacerbating tissue injury.
